Gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE), i.e. celiac disease (CD), is a common clinically heterogenous gastrointestinal disorder, which can exhibit with non-classic or minimal symptoms. Patients have antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, endomysium, reticulin and gliadin. Strict avoidance of gluten in the diet is recommended to control the disease activity and early diagnosis in such patients may improve their overall prognosis.

The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (ESPGAN) has recommended inclusion of serological tests in diagnosis to reduce the number of intestinal biopsies needed. These include tests for tissue transglutaminase (tTG), gliadin (AGA), reticulin (ARA) and endomysial (EMA).